The Significance of PlGF testing in modern medicine

April 25, 2025

Dawn Hannah

Understanding the role and benefits of placental growth factor testing

PLGF is a protein that plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and placental development during pregnancy. Its measurement can provide invaluable insights into the health of the placenta and the risk of certain pregnancy-related complications. This blog delves into the importance, procedure, and implications of PIGF Testing in modern medicine.

Why is preeclampsia identification so important?

In the realm of obstetric and maternal care, early detection and monitoring of potential complications are paramount. One of the most dangerous conditions which can affect both mother and fetus if not detected and managed in preeclampsia. Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder of pregnancy (Duley, 2003). It presents most commonly after twenty weeks of gestation. Although many cases are mild, the condition can lead to serious complications for both mother and baby if not diagnosed, monitored, and treated in a timely manner. Thus, the earlier pre-eclampsia is diagnosed, the better the maternal fetal outcomes. Around 10% of pregnant women will be investigated for suspected pre eclampsia, making it among the most common clinical presentation to- obstetric emergency services

Clinical teams have a high degree of suspicion for the disease and a low threshold to admit. It is this uncertainty and nervousness on the part of Clinicians is managing pre-eclampsia which often results in unnecessary admissions, additional ultrasound and doppler scanning (Ultrasound scanning of the placenta and umbilical cord) and blood testing. Thus, it is costly for health care providers.
For the fetus, latrogenic preterm birth associated with the disease is resource intensive. If left unmanaged pre-eclampsia can result in maternal death and fetal demise. Currently there is no single determinant for the development of pre-eclampsia although women who have previously developed the disease are at an increased risk of developing it in subsequent pregnancies. Moreover, underlying maternal medical conditions may obscure or simulate the onset of pre-eclampsia. Thus, there is a clinical need to be able to identify more efficiently, those forms of the disease that are likely to progress to an adverse fetal or maternal outcome (Redman, 2014).

One such vital tool in this endeavour is the use of Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) testing. Of particular importance is the ability to test women who present with suspected signs and symptoms of the disease in a timely manner. Thus, the true value of PlGF testing is as a point of care test enabling a quick actionable result in a few minutes.

What is PlGF?

Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. It is predominantly expressed in the placenta and is critical for the formation of blood vessels within this vital organ. PlGF levels in the maternal bloodstream can reflect the well-being of the placenta and, by extension, the fetus. During a healthy pregnancy, PlGF supports the growth and development of the placenta by promoting angiogenesis—the formation of new blood vessels. This ensures an adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus. It also helps in adapting the maternal cardiovascular system to meet the increased demands of pregnancy.

The Lepzi PlGF Test

The PLGF test manufactured by Lepzi is a true point of care assay used for the quantitative determination of PlGF. Used in conjunction with other diagnostic markers it is used an aid in the prognosis of delivery in women presenting with signs and symptoms of suspected preterm pre-eclampsia. The use of PLGF supports clinical staff in the early recognition of the disease and allows the triaging of women, dependent on their PLGF level to the right level and location of care.

The Procedure for PlGF Testing

PlGF testing is a simple and non-invasive procedure conducted through venous blood sampling. A blood sample is drawn from the expectant mother, and the PlGF levels are measured using specialised assays. The results are then interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings to provide a comprehensive assessment of placental health.

When is PlGF Testing Recommended?

PlGF testing is typically recommended in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, especially for women showing signs of hypertensive disorders or those with a history of preeclampsia. However, PlGF testing can be carried out in the first trimester as a way of identifying women at high risk, it allows for intensified maternal and fetal monitoring and timely intervention with low-dose aspirin to significantly reduce the prevalence for pre-eclampsia.

Interpreting PlGF Test Results

The interpretation of PlGF test results should always be carried out by a medical staff. Generally, low levels of PlGF are associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and other placental dysfunctions. In contrast, normal or high levels are indicative of healthy placental function.

Cost-Effectiveness

While there are costs associated with PlGF testing, the potential savings in healthcare expenses due to the early recognition and triaging of women into the right pathway of care has financial benefits for the healthcare economy as well as an improved experience for the woman and her family.

Conclusion

PlGF testing represents a significant advancement in prenatal care. Its ability to provide early warnings about potential complications allows for proactive management and improved outcomes, helping to ensure safer pregnancies and healthier babies.

About the author

Dawn Hannah is a former registered nurse and midwife with extensive expertise in the management of acutely unwell pregnant women. She played a pivotal role in developing and leading a critical care midwifery team, providing specialist care for women who would otherwise have required admission to high dependency or intensive care units. With a strong background in project management, service improvement, and the development of community-based healthcare services, Dawn has held senior leadership roles driving meaningful change across healthcare systems. Her work has extended into the
commercial sector, where she has been instrumental in the implementation of placental growth factor testing, both in the UK and internationally. Dawn holds a BSc (Hons), MSc, MBA, and PhD, and is deeply passionate about advancing women’s health and delivering impactful, patient-centred solutions.